Fuel Briquettes and Pellets

Nowadays, consumption of fuel briquettes and pellets is growing very rapidly (about 30 - 40% per year). This is due to the long-term trend of rising prices for hydrocarbon fuels and depletion of world reserves.

Comparative calorific value of different types of fuel

Name of fuel	Kcal/kg
Name of fuel	Min	Max
Natural gas	8 300	9 000
Charcoal Pellets	8 000	8 500
Anthracite	7 000	7 500
Skinny coal (Subantratsit)	6 500	7 000
Briquettes of coal	5 800	6 800
Long-flaming coal	5 000	6 500
Briquettes made of lignite	4 800	5 700
Lignite	4 300	5 500
Pellets made of sawdust	4 200	4 400
Briquettes made of sawdust	4 200	4 400
Peat briquettes	3 900	4 200
Firewood	3 500	4 000

Therefore, our company produces not only various equipment for the production of briquettes and granules (pellets) made of different materials. Using our equipment, we also produce fuel pellets and briquettes from the available types of energy and waste that we have at a certain time. This flexibility allows the company to year-round produce briquetted and granular fuel under a variety of consumer and business needs of our partners and customers.

To date, we have in stock the following types of fuel products:

	briquettes made of coal and peat cylindrical shape (Ш 30 mm), made on screw presses;
	coal and peat briquettes in the form of "pads" (20H30H40 mm) manufactured on a roll press;
	pellets, coal and peat Ш 8 mm, custom-screw granulators;
	briquettes made of wood and agriculture waste (biofuels) of Nestro standard made on impact mechanical presses;
	charcoal briquettes (from fines and dropout charcoal production) of Pinikay standard made on screw presses specially adapted for this raw material;
	charcoal pellets Ш 8 mm, custom-screw granulators;
	briquettes and pellets made of animal manure and bird droppings;
	granulated feed for livestock and poultry made of bran, meal, dried apple and grape marc, shredded stems, hats of sunflower, corn, buckwheat and sunflower husks, etc.

In the production, sorting, transportation and sale of coal mining, there inevitably accumulated waste in the form of fines and dust. This is the source of raw material for the coal briquettes and pellets. Especially good for briquetting coal of brands mark b, d, g, j, k. All kinds of peat are used for the production of peat briquettes and pellets. Fuel pellets and briquettes from coal and peat are manufactured without the use of binders technological additives. Quality of product is obtained at the expense of substances already present in the raw material, they serve as natural glue. It is enough to have raw material of fraction 0-5 mm and carefully mix it with a certain amount of water until a homogeneous doughy mass. Thanks to this point in the process of briquetting and pelletization, quality and characteristics of the starting material do not deteriorate, and the output is lumps of solid fuel combustion with a long burning time and high emissivity.

For the raw material for the production of solid biofuels-fuel briquettes and pellets (pellets), can serve a variety of preliminary shredded wood waste: stumps, tops, branches, sticks, bark, sawdust, shavings, wood chips and other waste wood. Also, crop residues and crop waste is generally used: hay, straw, buckwheat husks, sunflower, corn waste, mill products, grape vine, sunflower stalks, corn, cane, etc...

Such agricultural waste and wood today are almost untapped resource. For example, only about 10% of the total volume of straw (mostly in animal litter as cattle as feed additive) is used. Although technology for the processing of straw into fuel pellets and briquettes has long ago been developed, tested and actively used. These products can be used as an independent fuel, as an additive to conventional coal, in domestic and industrial environments.

Comparative table of different types of biofuels
Biofuels	Calorific value, kWh/kg	Ash content, %	Softening point, (0С)	N,%	Cl, mg/kg	S, mg/kg
Straw	4,78	5,68	960	0,47	2,503	737
Rape Straw	4,76	6,20	1,273	0,84	4,668	2,703
Whole plant Cereals	4,76	4,24	668	1,16	1,807	1,370
Cereal grains	4,72	2,26	709	1,96	660	1,050
Rapeseed	7,35	4,60	-	3,94	-	1,000
Grain Hay	4,83	5,71	1,061	1,14	3,112	1,581
Grass Hay	4,74	7,09	918	1,26	7,588	1650
Softwood	5,23	0,79	1,398	0,14	87	234
Hardwood	5,11	0,55	1,265	0,49	163	402

The effect of using alternative fuel from agricultural waste:
- Creation of environmentally friendly, non-waste production
- Reduction of production costs
- Cost-effective use of plant waste
- Savings of budget funds allocated for the purchase of fuel for municipal boiler houses
- Development of small businesses
- Creation of new jobs in rural areas.

Charcoal briquettes and pellets are the universal means of heating of both industrial facilities and social facilities. They can be used for heating production facilities, small and medium areas of social and domestic purposes (office buildings, schools, hospitals), for household needs. Using innovative technology, briquetting and granulation allows you obtaining a competitive fuel with good performances. Charcoal briquettes and pellets are manufactured by modern equipment, using a special technology that allows us high-quality and ecological purity of the product. As already mentioned, raw materials are wastes from the production of charcoal. These briquettes are produced in all shapes and configurations.
The main parameters and characteristics (properties) of charcoal briquettes and pellets.
Carbon content - 82-90%
Ash content - 1.5-2%
Moisture level - 3 to 6%
Heating value - 8200-8900 kcal
Volatile material - 6.8%

Main advantages of fuel briquettes and pellets.
- Increased (4-6 hours) burning time compared to a conventional coal and wood;
- absence of impurities, minimum ash content;
- do not crush and whirl dust during transportation;
- convenient packaging and size are the advantage when stored in cramped conditions, stores, restaurants, cafes, etc.
- heating value is on a par with the natural gas.

Fuel briquettes and pellets are a more high-tech fuel comparing to conventional coal and firewood, they do not include any harmful substances, including adhesives and, therefore, the burning process eliminates negative points such as smoke, sparks and smell. It provides exceptional environmental safety when used in industrial applications and at home (barbecues) furnaces, fireplaces, all types of furnaces for heating tents, greenhouses, etc. They are a convenient tool for creating comfort in field conditions, fishing, hunting.